Why does your sewing machine not sew?

You are in the middle of a project, eager to see your creation take shape, and suddenly, the needle stops moving, the thread breaks, or the stitches are uneven. This moment of discouragement is familiar: a stalled project, wasted fabric, and the feeling that your precious machine has betrayed you. This is a sewing machine not sewing problem encountered by many enthusiasts, both beginners and experienced.

But before panicking or considering buying new equipment, know that most sewing problems have simple quick fixes. In this article, we will explore the most common reasons why your sewing machine stops sewing and how to fix them.

The main causes of malfunction in your sewing machine

Several reasons can cause your sewing machine to jam. By taking the courses at Verotex, you become a sewing pro and no detail about how the sewing machine works will be a secret to you.

Also discover our guide on how to make a bobbin with the JUKI HZL-53E sewing machine, which will help you master this crucial element and avoid many problems related to the lower thread, while optimizing the quality of your stitches.

Incorrect threading

Poorly threaded threads cause irregular or missing stitches. Moreover, with incorrect threading, the thread can slip out of the needle or form knots in the bobbin. This situation prevents proper fabric advancement under the presser foot.

In many cases, simple incorrect threading is the cause of a sewing machine problem where it does not sew, a common but avoidable malfunction.

To check the threading, raise the presser foot and the needle. The thread must follow the path indicated on the machine. Pass it through the guides, the tension lever, and finally through the needle eye. Careful threading prevents thread breakage and irregular stitches.

The tension problem

The other cause of malfunction is the sewing machine tension problem. Indeed, the tension balances the bobbin thread and the needle thread. Poor tension causes skipped stitches. It tightens the thread excessively or creates loops. This imbalance often causes a sewing machine problem where it does not sew properly. A good balance ensures even stitching, visible only at the thread crossing point.

Adjust the tension to the fabric used. For this, use a low setting (2-3) for fine fabrics like silk. Prefer a medium level (4-5) for cotton or linen and increase to 6-7 for thick fabrics like denim. Always test on a sample before starting.

The wrong needle choice

Here are the different types of needles suited to various fabric thicknesses:

• The universal needle: suitable for versatile fabrics like cotton, viscose, and polyester
• The jeans needle: suitable for thick fabrics such as denim and canvas
• The Microtex needle: ideal for fine and delicate fabrics like silk and satin
• The Stretch needle: optimal for elastic fabrics containing elastane
• The ballpoint needle: specially designed for knit and jersey fabrics

The right needle prevents thread breakage and improves stitch quality. A needle that is too fine for the fabric forces the thread to snap and may cause a sewing machine problem where it does not sew or produces irregular stitches. Match the needle type, thread, and fabric thickness for smooth sewing.

Find all types of needles and threads at Verotex. On our online store, you have access to high-quality items at competitive prices.

A damaged needle

A damaged needle produces irregular or skipped stitches. It easily breaks the thread or leaves marks on fine fabrics. A repetitive clicking or metallic noise often indicates a needle problem, which can quickly turn into an issue, and the sewing machine will not sew if it is not replaced in time.

Replace the needle every 8 to 10 hours of sewing. This interval decreases with thick fabrics or demanding work. A worn needle is recognized by its irregular stitches or its rough feel.

A bad needle insertion

Install the needle with the flat side facing the back of the machine, then push it up to the stop before tightening the screw. Improper insertion causes needle breaks or hook damage.

A poorly inserted bobbin

A poorly inserted bobbin causes tangled threads under the fabric, irregular stitches or frequent breaks. Check for messy loops or unusual noises to identify this common sewing machine bobbin problem.

Incorrect installation of the case can cause a problem when the sewing machine stops sewing, as it disrupts tension balance and causes skipped stitches or loose threads.

Clean the case after unplugging. Remove parts, brush off dirt, and use a fine tool for residues. Finish with a dry cloth.

Test the thread interlacing: regular stitches without loops indicate proper functioning. Otherwise, rethread, check the needle, or clean the machine to solve the problem.

Common types of jams and their solutions

There is nothing more frustrating than a sewing machine jam. If this happens to you, know that there are practical solutions that can get you out of trouble.

A thread stuck in the bobbin or a bent needle

The handwheel often locks due to a thread stuck in the bobbin or a bent needle. Other causes include a seized mechanism or a faulty belt. Check these parts before forcing the handwheel: this will help you solve a sewing machine problem where it no longer sews without risking further damage to the machine.

To clear a jam, turn off the machine and remove the fabric. Carefully cut the stuck threads. Clean the bobbin case and rethread the thread correctly. Avoid pulling threads to prevent damaging the mechanism.

Lint

Lint accumulates in the bobbin case and disrupts the mechanism. It causes jams, uneven stitches, or irregular fabric feeding. Clean these areas regularly to avoid recurring problems.

A bad adjustment of the presser foot

The presser foot holds the fabric against the feed dogs. It ensures smooth fabric feeding and uniform stitching. Its role is essential for quality sewing.

Excessive pressure marks fine fabrics, causing puckering. Poorly adjusted, it can even cause a sewing machine thread looping problem, because the fabric no longer feeds properly, resulting in poor stitch formation. Adjusting the pressure improves sewing quality.

Reduce the pressure for lightweight fabrics to avoid puckering. Set to the standard level for cotton and linen. Increase for thick fabrics like denim or multiple layers.

Before you start sewing, make sure the presser foot is lowered. A raised foot prevents the fabric from feeding properly. This simple detail prevents jams and uneven stitches.

A bad adjustment of the feed dogs

The feed dogs advance the fabric through a back-and-forth motion. They lower and raise to grip the material at regular intervals. Their proper functioning prevents any problem when the sewing machine stops sewing due to fabric getting stuck. To ensure their efficiency, it is important to oil the sewing machine regularly to prevent wear and ensure smooth movement.

Locate the feed dog adjustment lever near the bobbin case on Singer or Brother models. On Janome machines, look for a dial under the needle plate. Electronic models display this setting on the screen.

Activate the feed dogs by positioning the lever in the high position. Turn the handwheel to check their movement: irregular movement may indicate a sewing machine not sewing problem related to poor fabric feeding. They must appear above the needle plate and move smoothly with each turn of the handwheel.

 Here is how to adjust the feed dogs according to your sewing work:

• Free embroidery: requires lowering the feed dogs for manual fabric control
• Darning: allows repairing holes without automatic fabric feed
• Complex machine embroidery: offers more freedom for custom designs
• Creative patchwork sewing: facilitates irregular fabric movements

Dust and debris

The accumulation of dust and debris affects the sewing machine's operation. Movements become jerky, stitches irregular, and threads break more often. These are all warning signs of a problem when the sewing machine no longer sews properly. Regular maintenance improves performance and longevity of the device.

Clean the machine after each complex project or every 10 to 20 hours of use. Oil the friction points every 8 to 10 extended uses. This schedule prevents mechanical breakdowns and limits any sewing machine not sewing problem when you need it most, while preserving sewing quality.

A poorly threaded thread, incorrect tension, or a worn needle usually cause your sewing machine to jam. Test these settings before considering a complex repair. Regular checks ensure smooth sewing and extend the lifespan of your device.

If the problem is too complex, do not hesitate to call on the professionals at Verotex. Our qualified technicians will have your sewing machine up and running in no time.